在ubuntu 10.04下安装opencv，步骤如下：

1、找到opencv的依赖包

$ sudo apt-cache search opencv

libcv-dev - development files for libcv
libcv4 - computer vision library
libcvaux-dev - development files for libcvaux
libcvaux4 - computer vision extension library
libhighgui-dev - development files for libhighgui
libhighgui4 - computer vision GUI library
opencv-doc - OpenCV documentation and examples
python-opencv - Python bindings for the computer vision library
harpia - Image Processing/Computer Vision Automatic Prgm. Tool

2、安装opencv

$ sudo apt-get install libcv-dev libcv4 libcvaux-dev libcvaux4 libhighgui-dev libhighgui4 opencv-doc harpia

3、在CodeBlocks中配置opencv

点击Settings ->Compiler and debugger settings，在Linker settings的Other linker options：里添加 -lcv -lcxcore -lhighgui。在Search directories -> Compier 下添加目录 /usr/include/opencv，在右边的Linker标签下添加目录/usr/lib

4、示例代码

/*
 * 例示1：用于从磁盘加载并在屏幕上显示一幅图像
 */

#include <iostream>
#include <highgui.h>

using namespace std;

int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
		if( argc < 2) {
			cout<< "Usage:" << argv[0] << "<image_name>" << endl;
			return 1;
		}

		IplImage *img = cvLoadImage( argv[1] );
		if( !img ) {
			cout<< argv[1] << "image load error." << endl;
			return 1;
		}

		cvNamedWindow( "Exampe1: LoadImage", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
		cvShowImage( "Example1", img );
		cvWaitKey( 0 );
		cvReleaseImage( &img );
		cvDestroyWindow( "Example1" );

		return 0;
}

（要运行此示例，需要设置项目参数，具体如下：Project -> set programs' arguments...，在Program arguments下输入要显示的图片的名字。）